A Review of Third Generation Solar Cells

Third-generation solar cells are designed to achieve high power-conversion efficiency while being low-cost produce. These have the ability surpass Shockley–Queisser limit. This review focuses on different types of third-generation such as dye-sensitized cells, Perovskite-based organic photovoltaics, quantum dot and tandem a stacked form materials utilizing maximum spectrum power conversion efficiency. Apart from these other technologies also discussed, including up-conversion, down-conversion, hot-carrier, multiple exciton. provides an overview previous work in field, alongside introduction technologies, their working principles components. Advancements made components improvements performance parameters fill factor, open circuit voltage, efficiency, short-circuit current density discussed. We highlight hurdles preventing reaching commercialization.